RESEARCH · PAPER Ⅲ · UNDER ANONYMOUS REVIEW · 2026

RP-Worlds

An Architecture for Unbounded yet Consistent World Simulation via PA-POMDP — the world can grow; the world cannot drift
Ludic Dynamics research · author details withheld during anonymous review
Under anonymous review · 2026 · preprint, traces and detectors released after review
ABSTRACT
World growth — new operable entities appearing during simulation — has so far been treated as unconstrained generation rather than as a validated state transition. LLM-agent worlds are structurally fixed: the entity set is frozen at construction, so the state may evolve but the world cannot grow; free-form LLM worlds do grow, but, lacking a validated canonical state, they drift. We introduce the RP-world: play-centered agentic world simulation in which interaction expands the canonical world itself. A world-agent — the single writer of a validated tree of typed entities, formalized as a Parameterized-Action POMDP — plays opposite M soul-agents that own only their own minds. As play pushes beyond the map, the world-agent proposes new places, inhabitants and relations and admits them only after commit-time validation, so the canonical state provably cannot accumulate contradictions. Across six story-complete worlds and three model families: validation eliminates state contradictions where the otherwise identical architecture without it drifts universally; effective state dimensionality (ESD), our measure of growth, exceeds the entity ceiling of fixed-extraction frameworks while contradictions stay at zero; and a transcript-only LLM judge still prefers the drifting baseline — fluent prose conceals state drift. Drift is architectural, not a model limitation.
THE CLAIM — GROW, DON'T DRIFT

Fixed worlds can't grow. Free worlds can't stay true. RP-worlds do both.

Every system before sits in one of two corners: a validated state over a handful of frozen slots, or a rich world with no canonical state at all. The RP-world fills the empty corner — high-dimensional and consistent — by making growth itself a validated transition.

FIXED · STRUCTURALLY FROZEN

the state evolves, the world can't grow

Generative-agent societies, engine-backed text games: the entity set is decided at construction. Consistent, but the map never gets bigger.

FREE · UNVALIDATED

the world grows, and drifts

Free-form story / RP: new places and people appear — and so do an NPC in two rooms, a dead character acting, an item that exists then doesn't.

⇅   RP-WORLD: EVERY WORLD-BIRTH IS A PROPOSAL → PERM · SCHEMA · RULE → COMMIT   ⇅
OURS · UNBOUNDED YET CONSISTENT

the world grows — and stays true

Off-map play becomes an expansion diff through the same gates as any state change. Six worlds, three model families: contradictions 0, growth past the fixed-extraction ceiling.

SKETCH — WHAT VALIDATION BUYS

Without validation, state drift compounds. With it, the line stays flat.

Stylized, not a paper figure: the dashed line is the otherwise identical architecture with validation switched off; the solid line is ours. Quantitative results are locked until the review period ends.

turn 1 turn 200 state drift prompt-only · drift compounds commit-time validation · ~10× lower, flat gap = architecture, not scale
STYLIZED SKETCH — NOT A PAPER FIGURE · QUANTITATIVE RESULTS LOCKED UNTIL REVIEW
A REAL TRACE — ALICE, GROWING

116 turns. 13 → 41 places. 0 contradictions.

A definitive run on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland as an RP-world. Ordinary turns flip past; when a soul pushes past the edge of the map a place is born (gold); when a move is illegal it is refused and leaves no trace (red). Left: the narrative feed and counters. Right: the live topology. Nothing is invented for the video — every line is a committed turn.

A REAL RECORD — ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND AS AN RP-WORLD: 116 TURNS · THE WORLD GREW 13 → 41 PLACES · 28 WORLD-BIRTHS · 12 REFUSALS · CONTRADICTIONS 0.0
RESEARCH SERIES

The papers behind WorldLines

PAPER Ⅰ · CHI PLAY COMPANION '26 · ACM

From Character Role-Play to Orchestrated Reality: LLM-Driven Game World Simulation as a Parameterized-Action POMDP

The formal model — Parameterized-Action POMDP, canonical JSON state, and the PDVA transition kernel.

Paper page → DOI → arXiv →
PAPER Ⅱ · IPSJ EC2026 · KYOTO

Multi-Agent LLM Simulation for Living Game Worlds

The society layer — world, soul, and player agents as peers on a pub/sub bus, with the playable demo 時間陣.

Paper page →
PAPER Ⅲ · UNDER ANONYMOUS REVIEW · 2026 · THIS PAGE

RP-Worlds: An Architecture for Unbounded yet Consistent World Simulation via PA-POMDP

The growth paper — play expands the canonical world through validated transitions; the world grows without drifting. Preprint after review.

Overview of all three: worldlines.gg/research →

CITATION

This paper is under anonymous review. Citation, preprint, and the released traces / provenance / detectors will appear here after the review period. Until then, cite Paper Ⅰ for the PA-POMDP formulation.

The reference implementation is open.

WorldLines — the multi-agent engine for living worlds. File-backed, event-sourced, playable today.

⭐ Star WorldLines on GitHub